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authorDan McGee <dan@archlinux.org>2007-09-16 21:10:44 -0500
committerDan McGee <dan@archlinux.org>2007-09-16 21:10:44 -0500
commit708488f6fe8bf5e06ae724243381b40586301633 (patch)
tree83042c703173107def709f65d65697e233225441 /doc/pacman.8.txt
parentb0aa51059233849b0a7ef8d6a851750776ce6645 (diff)
parentf131ee9c56b99429374dfcce583872ad9259ed96 (diff)
Merge branch 'asciidoc' into working
We're getting close to release, so might as well do this now so people can actually update some of our documentation.
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+/////
+vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
+/////
+pacman(8)
+=========
+
+Name
+----
+pacman - package manager utility
+
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
+system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
+hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
+automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
+
+Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to manlink:libalpm[3], the
+"Arch Linux Package Management" library. This library allows alternative front
+ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
+
+
+Operations
+----------
+*-A, \--add* (deprecated)::
+ Add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be specified.
+ The package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the
+ database will be updated. The package will not be installed if another
+ version is already installed. *NOTE*: please use '\--upgrade' in place of
+ this option.
+
+*-F, \--freshen*::
+ This is like '\--upgrade' except it will only upgrade packages already
+ installed on the system.
+
+*-Q, \--query*::
+ Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
+ packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
+ packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
+ can be run against the local package database or can be used on
+ individual '.tar.gz' packages. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
+
+*-R, \--remove*::
+ Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified
+ package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most
+ configuration files will be saved with a `.pacsave` extension unless the
+ '\--nosave' option is used. See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
+
+*-S, \--sync*::
+ Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
+ servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
+ example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
+ packages it depends on. You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all
+ packages that are out of date. See <<SO,Sync Options>> below.
+
+*-U, \--upgrade*::
+ Upgrade or add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
+ specified. This is a "remove-then-add" process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
+ Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.
+
+*-V, \--version*::
+ Display version and exit.
+
+*-h, \--help*::
+ Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
+ then the general syntax is shown.
+
+
+Options
+-------
+*\--asdeps*::
+ Install packages non-explicitly; in other works, fake their install reason
+ to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
+ build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
+ the package.
+
+*\--ask* <'number'>::
+ Pre-specify answers to questions. It is doubtful whether this option
+ even works, so I would not recommend using it. *TODO*: document this
+ more, as I have no idea how it works or when you would use it, or if we
+ should just dump it.
+
+*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
+ Specify an alternative database location (default is ``/var/lib/pacman'').
+ This should not be used unless you know what you are doing.
+
+*-d, \--nodeps*::
+ Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
+ package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
+ installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.
+
+*-f, \--force*::
+ Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
+ package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
+ installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
+ This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
+
+*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
+ Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
+ not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
+ ``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
+ temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.
+
+*-v, --verbose*::
+ Output more status messages, such as the Root, DBPath, CacheDir, etc.
+
+*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
+ Specify an alternative package cache location (default is
+ ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
+ and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman.
+
+*\--config* <'file'>::
+ Specify an alternate configuration file.
+
+*\--noconfirm*::
+ Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do
+ this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
+
+*\--noprogressbar*::
+ Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
+ for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
+
+*\--noscriptlet*::
+ If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
+ unless you know what you are doing.
+
+
+Query Options[[QO]]
+-------------------
+*-c, \--changelog*::
+ View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
+ it will be shown if available.
+
+*-d, \--deps*::
+ List all packages installed as dependencies. This option can be combined
+ with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that were installed as
+ dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package. ('-Qdt'
+ is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe' option.)
+
+*-e, \--explicit*::
+ List all packages explicitly installed. This option can be combined with
+ '-t' to list top-level packages- those packages that were explicitly
+ installed but are not required by any other package. ('-Qet' is equivalent
+ to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)
+
+*-g, \--groups*::
+ Display all packages that are members of a named group. If not name is
+ specified, list all grouped packages.
+
+*-i, \--info*::
+ Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
+ querying a package file instead of the local database.
+
+*-l, \--list*::
+ List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
+ specified on the command line.
+
+*-m, \--foreign*::
+ Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
+ database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
+ and installed with '\--upgrade'.
+
+*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
+ Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
+ absolute.
+
+*-p, \--file*::
+ Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
+ not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
+ This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
+
+*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
+ This will search each locally-installed package for names or
+ descriptions that match `regexp`.
+
+*-t, \--orphans*::
+ Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
+ installed package.
+
+*-u, \--upgrades*::
+ Lists all packages that are out of date on the local system. This option
+ works best if the sync database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
+
+*\--test*::
+ Run some brief checks looking at the consistency of the local database.
+
+
+Remove Options[[RO]]
+--------------------
+*-c, \--cascade*::
+ Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
+ or more target packages. This operation is recursive.
+
+*-k, \--keep*::
+ Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
+
+*-n, \--nosave*::
+ Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
+ file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
+ file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.
+
+*-s, \--recursive*::
+ Remove each target specified including all dependencies, provided that
+ (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
+ explicitly installed by the user. This option is analogous to a
+ backwards '\--sync' operation.
+
+
+Sync Options[[SO]]
+------------------
+*-c, \--clean*::
+ Remove old packages from the cache to free up disk space. When pacman
+ downloads packages, it saves them in ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''. Use one
+ '\--clean' switch to remove old packages; use two to remove all packages
+ from the cache.
+
+*-e, \--dependsonly*::
+ Install all dependencies of a package, but not the specified package
+ itself. This is pretty useless and we're not sure why it even exists.
+
+*-g, \--groups*::
+ Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
+ names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
+ view all groups and their members.
+
+*-i, \--info*::
+ Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
+ search through all repositories for a matching package.
+
+*-l, \--list*::
+ List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
+ can be specified on the command line.
+
+*-p, \--print-uris*::
+ Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
+ dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
+ downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
+
+*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
+ This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
+ descriptions that match `regexp`.
+
+*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
+ Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
+ package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
+ report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and the operation
+ will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
+ automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
+ necessary.
+
+*-w, \--downloadonly*::
+ Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
+ anything.
+
+*-y, \--refresh*::
+ Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
+ defined in pacman.conf. This should typically be used each time you use
+ '\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags will force
+ a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up to date.
+
+*\--ignore* <'package'>::
+ Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
+ available.
+
+
+Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
+----------------------------
+Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
+designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
+backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
+installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
+actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
+follow scenarios can result:
+
+original=X, current=X, new=X::
+ All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
+ new file.
+
+original=X, current=X, new=Y::
+ The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
+ Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
+ improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=X::
+ Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
+ filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
+ The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
+ All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
+ extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
+ necessary changes into the original file.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+See manlink:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
+'pacman.conf' file.
+
+
+See Also
+--------
+manlink:pacman.conf[5], manlink:makepkg[8], manlink:libalpm[3]
+
+include::footer.txt[]