| index : pacman | |
| Archlinux32 fork of pacman | gitolite user |
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diff --git a/doc/pacman.8 b/doc/pacman.8 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..704f9d1b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/pacman.8 @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ +.TH pacman 8 "January 21, 2006" "Frugalware User Manual" "" +.SH NAME +pacman \- package manager utility +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fBpacman <operation> [options] <package> [package] ...\fP +.SH DESCRIPTION +\fBpacman\fP is a \fIpackage management\fP utility that tracks installed +packages on a linux system. It has simple dependency support and the ability +to connect to a remote ftp server and automatically upgrade packages on +the local system. pacman package are \fIbzipped tar\fP format. +.SH OPERATIONS +.TP +.B "\-A, \-\-add" +Add a package to the system. Package will be uncompressed +into the installation root and the database will be updated. +.TP +.B "\-F, \-\-freshen" +This is like --upgrade except that, unlike --upgrade, this will only +upgrade packages that are already installed on your system. +.TP +.B "\-Q, \-\-query" +Query the package database. This operation allows you to +view installed packages and their files, as well as meta-info +about individual packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, +build date, size). This can be run against the local package +database or can be used on individual .fpm packages. See +\fBQUERY OPTIONS\fP below. +.TP +.B "\-c, \-\-changelog" +View the changelog of a package. +.TP +.B "\-R, \-\-remove" +Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the +specified package will be deleted, and the database will +be updated. Most configuration files will be saved with a +\fI.pacsave\fP extension unless the \fB--nosave\fP option was +used. +.TP +.B "\-S, \-\-sync" +Synchronize packages. With this function you can install packages +directly from the ftp servers, complete with all dependencies required +to run the packages. For example, \fBpacman -S qt\fP will download +qt and all the packages it depends on and install them. You could also use +\fBpacman -Su\fP to upgrade all packages that are out of date (see below). +.TP +.B "\-U, \-\-upgrade" +Upgrade a package. This is essentially a "remove-then-add" +process. See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP for an explanation +on how pacman takes care of config files. +.TP +.B "\-V, \-\-version" +Display version and exit. +.TP +.B "\-h, \-\-help" +Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was +supplied then the general syntax is shown. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.B "\-d, \-\-nodeps" +Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check +a package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are +installed and there are no package conflicts in the system. This +switch disables these checks. +.TP +.B "\-f, \-\-force" +Bypass file conflict checks, overwriting conflicting files. If the +package that is about to be installed contains files that are already +installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten. +This option should be used with care, ideally not at all. +.TP +.B "\-r, \-\-root <path>" +Specify alternative installation root (default is "/"). This +should \fInot\fP be used as a way to install software into +e.g. /usr/local instead of /usr. Instead this should be used +if you want to install a package on a temporary mounted partition, +which is "owned" by another system. By using this option you not only +specify where the software should be installed, but you also +specify which package database to use. +.TP +.B "\-v, \-\-verbose" +Output more status and error messages. +.TP +.B "\-\-config <path>" +Specify an alternate configuration file. +.TP +.B "\-\-noconfirm" +Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do this +unless you want to run pacman from a script. +.TP +.B "\-\-ask <number>" +Finetune the --noconfirm switch by not answering "yes" to all libalpm +questions, but you are able to specify yes/no for all type of libalpm +questions. The types are the followings: +.nf +The given package is in IgnorePkg. (1) +Replace package foo with bar? (2) +foo conflicts with bar. Remove bar? (4) +Do you want to delete the corrupted package? (8) +Local version is newer. (16) +Local version is up to date. (32) +.fi +Select for what types do you want to answer yes, sum up the values and use the +result as a parameter to this option. +.TP +.B "\-\-noprogressbar" +Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful for +scripts that call pacman and capture the output. +.SH SYNC OPTIONS +.TP +.B "\-c, \-\-clean" +Remove old packages from the cache. When pacman downloads packages, +it saves them in \fI/var/cache/pacman/pkg\fP. If you need to free up +diskspace, you can remove these packages by using the --clean option. +Using one --clean (or -c) switch will only remove \fIold\fP packages. +Use it twice to remove \fIall\fP packages from the cache. +.TP +.B "\-e, \-\-dependsonly" +Don't install the packages itself, only their dependencies. This can be +handy if you want to install the packages themselves with different +options or from source. +.TP +.B "\-g, \-\-groups" +Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group +names are provided, all groups will be listed. +.TP +.B "\-i, \-\-info" +Display dependency information for a given package. This will search +through all repositories for a matching package and display the +dependencies, conflicts, etc. +.TP +.B "\-l, \-\-list" +List all files in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories can +be specified on the command line. +.TP +.B "\-p, \-\-print-uris" +Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any +dependencies that have yet to be installed. These can be piped to a +file and downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget. +.TP +.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>" +This will search each package in the package list for names or descriptions +that contains <regexp>. +.TP +.B "\-u, \-\-sysupgrade" +Upgrades all packages that are out of date. pacman will examine every +package installed on the system, and if a newer package exists on the +server it will upgrade. pacman will present a report of all packages +it wants to upgrade and will not proceed without user confirmation. +Dependencies are automatically resolved at this level and will be +installed/upgraded if necessary. +.TP +.B "\-w, \-\-downloadonly" +Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything. +.TP +.B "\-y, \-\-refresh" +Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the ftp server +defined in \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP. This should typically be used each +time you use \fB--sysupgrade\fP. +.TP +.B "\-\-ignore <pkg>" +This option functions exactly the same as the \fBIgnorePkg\fP configuration +directive. Sometimes it can be handy to skip some package updates without +having to edit \fIpacman.conf\fP each time. +.SH REMOVE OPTIONS +.TP +.B "\-c, \-\-cascade" +Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one +or more target packages. This operation is recursive. +.TP +.B "\-k, \-\-keep" +Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place. +.TP +.B "\-n, \-\-nosave" +Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when +a file is about to be \fIremoved\fP from the system the database is first +checked to see if the file should be renamed to a .pacsave extension. If +\fB--nosave\fP is used, these designations are ignored and the files are +removed. +.TP +.B "\-s, \-\-recursive" +For each target specified, remove it and all its dependencies, provided +that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not +explicitly installed by the user. +This option is analagous to a backwards --sync operation. +.SH QUERY OPTIONS +.TP +.B "\-e, \-\-orphans" +List all packages that were installed as a dependency (ie, not +installed explicitly) and are not required by any other +packages. +.TP +.B "\-g, \-\-groups" +Display all groups that a specified package is part of. If no package +names are provided, all groups and members will be listed. +.TP +.B "\-i, \-\-info" +Display information on a given package. If it is used with the \fB-p\fP +option then the .PKGINFO file will be printed. +.TP +.B "\-l, \-\-list" +List all files owned by <package>. Multiple packages can be specified on +the command line. +.TP +.B "\-m, \-\-foreign" +List all packages that were not found in the sync database(s). Typically these +are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with --add. +.TP +.B "\-o, \-\-owns <file>" +Search for the package that owns <file>. +.TP +.B "\-p, \-\-file" +Tells pacman that the package supplied on the command line is a +file, not an entry in the database. Pacman will decompress the +file and query it. This is useful with \fB--info\fP and \fB--list\fP. +.TP +.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>" +This will search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions +that contains <regexp>. +.SH HANDLING CONFIG FILES +pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files +that are designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, it uses 3 +md5 hashes for each backup file to determine the required action: +one for the original file installed, one for the new file that's about +to be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the filesystem. +After comparing these 3 hashes, the follow scenarios can result: +.TP +original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBX\fP +All three files are the same, so we win either way. Install the new file. +.TP +original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBY\fP +The current file is un-altered from the original but the new one is +different. Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new +one may contain improvements/bugfixes, we install the new file. +.TP +original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBX\fP +Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one +on the filesystem has been modified since. In this case, we leave +the current file in place. +.TP +original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBY\fP +The new one is identical to the current one. Win win. Install the new file. +.TP +original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBZ\fP +All three files are different, so we install the new file with a .pacnew +extension and warn the user, so she can manually move the file into place +after making any necessary customizations. +.SH CONFIGURATION +pacman will attempt to read \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP each time it is invoked. This +configuration file is divided into sections or \fIrepositories\fP. Each section +defines a package repository that pacman can use when searching for packages in +--sync mode. The exception to this is the \fIoptions\fP section, which defines +global options. +.TP +.SH Example: +.RS +.nf +[options] +NoUpgrade = etc/passwd etc/group etc/shadow +NoUpgrade = etc/fstab + +Include = /etc/pacman.d/current + +[custom] +Server = file:///home/pkgs + +.fi +.RE +.SH CONFIG: OPTIONS +.TP +.B "DBPath = path/to/db/dir" +Overrides the default location of the toplevel database directory. The default is +\fIvar/lib/pacman\fP. +.TP +.B "CacheDir = path/to/cache/dir" +Overrides the default location of the package cache directory. The default is +\fIvar/cache/pacman\fP. +.TP +.B "HoldPkg = <package> [package] ..." +If a user tries to \fB--remove\fP a package that's listed in HoldPkg, pacman +will ask for confirmation before proceeding. +.TP +.B "IgnorePkg = <package> [package] ..." +Instructs pacman to ignore any upgrades for this package when performing a +\fB--sysupgrade\fP. +.TP +.B "UpgradeDelay = <number>" +Upgrade only the packages that are at least <number> days old when +performing a \fB--sysupgrade\fP. +.TP +.B "Include = <path>" +Include another config file. This config file can include repositories or +general configuration options. +.TP +.B "ProxyServer = <host|ip>[:port]" +If set, pacman will use this proxy server for all ftp/http transfers. +.TP +.B "XferCommand = /path/to/command %u" +If set, pacman will use this external program to download all remote files. +All instances of \fB%u\fP will be replaced with the URL to be downloaded. If +present, instances of \fB%o\fP will be replaced with the local filename, plus a +".part" extension, which allows programs like wget to do file resumes properly. + +This option is useful for users who experience problems with pacman's built-in http/ftp +support, or need the more advanced proxy support that comes with utilities like +wget. +.TP +.B "NoPassiveFtp" +Disables passive ftp connections when downloading packages. (aka Active Mode) +.TP +.B "NoUpgrade = <file> [file] ..." +All files listed with a \fBNoUpgrade\fP directive will never be touched during a package +install/upgrade. \fINote:\fP do not include the leading slash when specifying files. +.TP +.B "NoExtract = <file> [file] ..." +All files listed with a \fBNoExtract\fP directive will never be extracted from +a package into the filesystem. This can be useful when you don't want part of +a package to be installed. For example, if your httpd root uses an index.php, +then you would not want the index.html file to be extracted from the apache +package. +.TP +.B "UseSyslog" +Log action messages through syslog(). This will insert pacman log entries into your +/var/log/messages or equivalent. +.TP +.B "LogFile = /path/to/file" +Log actions directly to a file, usually /var/log/pacman.log. + +.SH CONFIG: REPOSITORIES +Each repository section defines a section name and at least one location where the packages +can be found. The section name is defined by the string within square brackets (eg, the two +above are 'current' and 'custom'). Locations are defined with the \fIServer\fP directive and +follow a URL naming structure. Currently only ftp is supported for remote servers. If you +want to use a local directory, you can specify the full path with a 'file://' prefix, as +shown above. +.SH USING YOUR OWN REPOSITORY +Let's say you have a bunch of custom packages in \fI/home/pkgs\fP and their respective FrugalBuild +files are all in \fI/var/fst/local\fP. All you need to do is generate a compressed package database +in the \fI/home/pkgs\fP directory so pacman can find it when run with --refresh. + +.RS +.nf +# gensync /var/fst/local /home/pkgs/custom.fdb +.fi +.RE + +The above command will read all FrugalBuild files in /var/fst/local and generate a compressed +database called /home/pkgs/custom.fdb. Note that the database must be of the form +\fI{treename}.fdb\fP, where {treename} is the name of the section defined in the +configuration file. +That's it! Now configure your \fIcustom\fP section in the configuration file as shown in the +config example above. Pacman will now use your package repository. If you add new packages to +the repository, remember to re-generate the database and use pacman's --refresh option. +.SH SEE ALSO +\fBmakepkg\fP is the package-building tool that comes with pacman. +.SH AUTHOR +.nf +Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org> +and the Frugalware developers <frugalware-devel@frugalware.org> +.fi |