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+/////
+vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
+/////
+pacman(8)
+=========
+
+Name
+----
+pacman - package manager utility
+
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
+system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
+hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
+automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
+
+Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to manlink:libalpm[3], the
+"Arch Linux Package Management" library. This library allows alternative front
+ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
+
+
+Operations
+----------
+*-A, \--add* (deprecated)::
+	Add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be specified.
+	The package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the
+	database will be updated. The package will not be installed if another
+	version is already installed. *NOTE*: please use '\--upgrade' in place of
+	this option.
+
+*-Q, \--query*::
+	Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
+	packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
+	packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
+	can be run against the local package database or can be used on
+	individual '.tar.gz' packages. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
+
+*-R, \--remove*::
+	Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified
+	package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most
+	configuration files will be saved with a `.pacsave` extension unless the
+	'\--nosave' option is used. See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
+
+*-S, \--sync*::
+	Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
+	servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
+	example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
+	packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
+	repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
+	`pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all
+	packages that are out of date. See <<SO,Sync Options>> below.
+
+*-U, \--upgrade*::
+	Upgrade or add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
+	specified. This is a "remove-then-add" process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
+	Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.
+
+*-V, \--version*::
+	Display version and exit.
+
+*-h, \--help*::
+	Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
+	then the general syntax is shown.
+
+
+Options
+-------
+*\--asdeps*::
+	Install packages non-explicitly; in other works, fake their install reason
+	to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
+	build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
+	the package.
+
+*\--ask* <'number'>::
+	Pre-specify answers to questions. It is doubtful whether this option
+	even works, so I would not recommend using it. *TODO*: document this
+	more, as I have no idea how it works or when you would use it, or if we
+	should just dump it.
+
+*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
+	Specify an alternative database location (default is ``/var/lib/pacman'').
+	This should not be used unless you know what you are doing.
+
+*-d, \--nodeps*::
+	Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
+	package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
+	installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.
+
+*-f, \--force*::
+	Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
+	package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
+	installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
+	This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
+
+*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
+	Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
+	not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
+	``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
+	temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.
+
+*-v, --verbose*::
+	Output more status messages, such as the Root, DBPath, CacheDir, etc.
+
+*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
+	Specify an alternative package cache location (default is
+	``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
+	and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman.
+
+*\--config* <'file'>::
+	Specify an alternate configuration file.
+
+*\--noconfirm*::
+	Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do
+	this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
+
+*\--noprogressbar*::
+	Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
+	for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
+
+*\--noscriptlet*::
+	If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
+	unless you know what you are doing.
+
+
+Query Options[[QO]]
+-------------------
+*-c, \--changelog*::
+	View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
+	it will be shown if available.
+
+*-d, \--deps*::
+	List all packages installed as dependencies. This option can be combined
+	with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that were installed as
+	dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package. ('-Qdt'
+	is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe' option.)
+
+*-e, \--explicit*::
+	List all packages explicitly installed. This option can be combined with
+	'-t' to list top-level packages- those packages that were explicitly
+	installed but are not required by any other package. ('-Qet' is equivalent
+	to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)
+
+*-g, \--groups*::
+	Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
+	specified, list all grouped packages.
+
+*-i, \--info*::
+	Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
+	querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
+	'\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
+	their modification states.
+
+*-l, \--list*::
+	List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
+	specified on the command line.
+
+*-m, \--foreign*::
+	Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
+	database(s).  Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
+	and installed with '\--upgrade'.
+
+*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
+	Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
+	absolute.
+
+*-p, \--file*::
+	Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
+	not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
+	This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
+
+*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
+	This will search each locally-installed package for names or
+	descriptions that match `regexp`.
+
+*-t, \--orphans*::
+	Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
+	installed package.
+
+*-u, \--upgrades*::
+	Lists all packages that are out of date on the local system. This option
+	works best if the sync database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
+
+
+Remove Options[[RO]]
+--------------------
+*-c, \--cascade*::
+	Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
+	or more target packages. This operation is recursive.
+
+*-k, \--keep*::
+	Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
+
+*-n, \--nosave*::
+	Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
+	file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
+	file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.
+
+*-s, \--recursive*::
+	Remove each target specified including all dependencies, provided that
+	(A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
+	explicitly installed by the user. This option is analogous to a
+	backwards '\--sync' operation.
+
+
+Sync Options[[SO]]
+------------------
+*-c, \--clean*::
+	Remove old packages from the cache to free up disk space. When pacman
+	downloads packages, it saves them in ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''. Use one
+	'\--clean' switch to remove old packages; use two to remove all packages
+	from the cache.
+
+*-e, \--dependsonly*::
+	Install all dependencies of a package, but not the specified package
+	itself. This is pretty useless and we're not sure why it even exists.
+
+*-g, \--groups*::
+	Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
+	names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
+	view all groups and their members.
+
+*-i, \--info*::
+	Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
+	search through all repositories for a matching package.
+
+*-l, \--list*::
+	List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
+	can be specified on the command line.
+
+*-p, \--print-uris*::
+	Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
+	dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
+	downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
+
+*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
+	This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
+	descriptions that match `regexp`.
+
+*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
+	Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
+	package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
+	report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and  the operation
+	will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
+	automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
+	necessary.
+
+*-w, \--downloadonly*::
+	Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
+	anything.
+
+*-y, \--refresh*::
+	Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
+	defined in pacman.conf. This should typically be used each time you use
+	'\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags will force
+	a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up to date.
+
+*\--needed*::
+	Only install the targets that are not already installed and up-to-date.
+
+*\--ignore* <'package'>::
+	Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
+	available. Multiple packages can be specified by separating them
+	with a comma.
+
+*\--ignoregroup* <'group'>::
+	Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in 'group' even if
+	there is one available. Multiple groups can be specified by
+	separating them with a comma.
+
+
+Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
+----------------------------
+Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
+designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
+backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
+installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
+actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
+follow scenarios can result:
+
+original=X, current=X, new=X::
+	All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
+	new file.
+
+original=X, current=X, new=Y::
+	The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
+	Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
+	improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=X::
+	Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
+	filesystem has  been  modified. Leave the current file in place.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
+	The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
+
+original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
+	All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
+	extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
+	necessary changes into the original file.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+See manlink:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
+'pacman.conf' file.
+
+
+See Also
+--------
+manlink:pacman.conf[5], manlink:makepkg[8], manlink:libalpm[3]
+
+include::footer.txt[]